Strategies for Wastewater Treatment Processes

Strategies for Wastewater Treatment Processes Some wastewater treatment process in other hand classified into three categories which followed the nature of the treatment process that used nowadays, they are physical, chemical and biological treatment processes. Most of the full wastewater treatments systems are included several processes from these three categories. Physical methods wastewater treatment is the process that totally relay on physical phenomena only in progress of improving and treating the wastewater. In this method, there are no any gross chemical or biological changes needed to carry out. Some examples like sedimentation or called clarification, screening, aeration, filtration, flotation and skimming, degasification, equalization are classified as the physical method for wastewater treatment. Take sedimentation process for further explanations, it is a process where the solids is settle by gravity in order to carry out the process. This process is carry out by collecting the wastewater in a short period of time, the collected wastewater was stored in a tank that is under quiescent conditions, which then slowly let the heavier solids to settle and those â€Å"clarified† effluent is also remove at the same time. Sedimentation process is very common process used for solid separation nowadays, and it is already set up to be u sed in the beginning and end of the full wastewater treatment operation which is what we have now. Sedimentation is already a physical treatment that cannot be excluded in order to successfully carry out the wastewater treatment. Another common process that also under the physical treatment category is the aeration, which is a process by just physically add some air into wastewater, gas that often used is oxygen. The process is to allow the oxygen exchange at the surface, eventually lead to the release of noxious gasses such as carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen sulfide gas from the water. Filtration is also another common physical phenomena treatment, this treatment require a filter medium to separate the solids from the wastewater, filter medium like sand filters can continue removed the entrained from the wastewater used. Some physical phenomena will take part in sedimentation process; this will affect the water quality in the good way. Substance like greases or oils can be applying the flotation technique, skimming, or physically removing in order to separate from the wastewater. For some industrial management wastewater treatment, they will create strong and undesirable waste in just a little time needed. These wastes have the ability in destroy biological treatment process. So the wastes were kept to remained in the wastewater system, or has mixed with other waste, and eventually release to the environment, which will cause eliminating â€Å"shocks† to the treatment plant. Such process called equalization. There is another type of equalization, which is when the wet well of a pump station will collect many types of wastewater and then follow with the step that pump those wastes onward at constant rates. Second category is the chemical treatment process, physical treatments rely on physical phenomena, and so chemical treatment is depending on certain chemical reaction in order to improve the water quality. The examples of chemical wastewater treatment are chlorination, ozonation, neutralization, coagulation, adsorption, and ion exchange. Among all these chemical treatment, the most famous and common one is the chlorination. Chlorination process is the using of chlorine to kill bacteria and also to slow down the rate of the wastewater to decompose. Chlorine is being chosen because of its strong oxidizing properties. Bacterial can be successfully eliminated from the wasterwater when there is vital biological process occurred which caused by the chlorine added. There is an alternative way to replace the chlorination, which is by using the ozone to undergo ozonation. Ozone is also a common strong oxidizing agent that chose to carry out oxidizing disinfectant other than chlorine. Besides using chemical to undergo oxidation, industrial wastewater treatment commonly applies neutralization. Water is commonly known that it is at pH value of 7, the neutral state. So if the water is too acid, there will have the need to add selective base to adjust back the neutrality of the wastewater. In other hand, same goes to if the water is too basic, acid is needed to add to the wastewater to adjust back the pH value. This technique is called the neutralization. Another common chemical wastewater treatment is the coagulation. This process is about to add some chemical into the wastewater, which will cause some reaction to be occurred. The chemical added will react with the substance inside the wastewater and then form insoluble end product, thus these end product can be easily removed in order to produce clean water. The example of chemicals that used for coagulation process are polyvalent metals, limestone, iron binding compounds like FeSO4 and FeCl2 or FeCl3, and last is t he alum, Al2(SO4)3. Some chemical treatment actually is the combination of chemical and physical processes. The nature of the process is come from both chemical and physical. One of the example is the using the activated carbon to extract or remove the organic substance in the wastewater. For ion exchange process, this process is least applied in the wastewater treatment nowadays. The ion exchange process is actually added some chemical in order to exchange certain ion in the wastewater only, this process is not help a lot in the field of wastewater treatment and the process is slow. The last category that needs to discuss is the biological wastewater treatment. Biological process in wastewater treatment is related to apply biology field substance, such as microorganisms in order to produce the clean water. There are many microorganisms but the most used in biochemical decomposition of wastewater is the bacteria, the purpose of the bacteria is to stabilize the end products. If there are still many other microorganisms are present, or even the sludge, they will be converted to carbon dioxide gas, water and some side product by the treatment method. The major groups of biological wastewater treatment have two main events, one is aerobic method and the other is the anaerobic method, the different between these two processes is the present of dissolved oxygen. Under aerobic method there have several examples, such as: activated sludge treatment methods, trickling filtration, oxidation ponds, lagoons, and aerobic digestion, whereas for the example of anaerobic method are: anaerobic digestion, septic tanks, and lagoons. The main purpose of a wastewater treatment is to remove those solid substances in the water, in order to have a good condition and clean water to be used in our daily life. Most solid is the primarily organic substance, at this instant there will eventually have some inorganic solid being filter out also along with the organic substances. The treatment also need a enhance function to help remove the sludge in the water also. Before the treatment process come to the end, some addition work need to carry out to control the odors of the water, one more is retard the biological activity in order to destroy those pathogenic organisms that still remained in the wastewater. The actual full wastewater treatment as mention before, it will have the combination of physical, chemical and biological methods, so the devices need to be used will also widely cover these three fields, where the degree of a treatment mainly named using the terms primary, secondary and tertiary treatment.

Shakespeares Macbeth - A Tragedy Without the Tragic Flaw? :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Macbeth: A Tragedy Without the Tragic Flaw? William Shakespeare wrote four great tragedies, the last of which was written in 1606 and titled Macbeth. This tragedy, as many critics of literature consider it, scrutinizes the evil dimension of conflict, offering a dark, gloomy atmosphere of a world dominated by the powers of darkness. Macbeth, more so than any of Shakespeare's other tragic protagonists, has to face the powers and decide if he should he succumb or resist. Macbeth understands the reasons for resisting evil and yet he proceeds with a disastrous plan, instigated by the prophecies of the three Weird Sisters. One may question whether Macbeth is really a tragedy if Macbeth is acting on the impulses stimulated by the prophecies of his fate. Aristotle, one of the greatest men in the history of human thought, interpreted Tragedy as a genre aimed to present a heightened and harmonious imitation of nature, and, in particular, those aspects of nature that touch most closely upon human life. This I think Macbeth attains. Howev er, Aristotle adds a few conditions. According to Aristotle, a tragedy must have six parts: plot, character, diction, thought, spectacle and song; however, Macbeth fails to portray the most important part, that of the tragic flaw. Most important [most important what?] is the plot, the structure of the incidents. Tragedy is not an imitation of men, but of action and life. It is by men's actions that they acquire happiness or sadness. Aristotle stated, in response to Plato, that tragedy produces a healthful effect on the human character through a katharsis, a "proper purgation" of "pity and terror† (author’s name page #). A successful tragedy, then, exploits and appeals at the start to two basic emotions: fear and pity. Tragedy deals with the element of evil, with what we least want and most fear to face, and with what is destructive to human life and values. It also draws out our ability to sympathize with the tragic character, feeling some of the impact of the evil us. It is difficult for the reader feel pity for Macbeth because he is merely part of the evil force that has always existed in our world and not the poor, forsaken, fate-sunken man, according to Aristotle's idea of tragedy . The reader can sense the power and greed upon which Macbeth thrives, prospers, and finally falls and therefore the reader sees Macbeth as a bad guy, feeling little or no pity for him.

Mat Rempit

Illegal street racers, or in the well known names, Mat Rempit, is a serious issue that knock our country right now. Known for their kamikaze skills on the road, causing chaos in society, their unmannered attitude and the current is murdering people. Statistics shows that this group causes too many crime and problems. With their enormous amount, they felt like the road is belongs to them and nobody have any rights to punish them. This is why almost everyday we heard and see their actions and news on the media. Their popularity is equal to Mawi and Datuk Siti Nurhaliza until then, the film maker had decided to make film about them.So, as a Malaysian, what is our role in solving this issue? Do we need to blame themselves for all this or it is us who let this things happen? Let us see why this Mat Rempit issues happens and how we should solve it together. As we can see, almost all of Mat Rempit is in the youth group. We should realize that in this stage, their thinking, attitude and acti on were influenced by their peers. They used to follow their friends rather than their own parents and teachers advice. This peer influence is very strong and sometimes dangerous if they follow the wrong path for example the illegal racing. Related article: Causes of Snatch TheftThis is why the amount of Mat Rempit is increasing from time to time. Furthermore, the desire to try something new and challenging is one of the factors that lured them into the illegal racing. They felt that it is very admirable and outstanding if they can win the race or do suicide skills such as riding in the high speed or get away from the police road blocks. They love to break the laws since they think that it is just an amusement for them. So, how we want to solve this problem? How we want to settle down this issue that has been caused many problems to us?The government, politicians and police have done many things to settle this, but it seems like there are no stopping point for the Mat Rempit. We should give a compliment to Pemuda UMNO for their effort to convert this Mat Rempit to â€Å"Mat Cemerlang† by giving them an opportunity to change and UMNO membership. Although this step is like a politics campaign, we should bear in min d that maybe one day they will realize that there are people who concern about them and hoping they will change. Next, schools play an important role in order to solve this problem.I’m not saying parents since I know that some parents didn’t know their son’s attitude very much compared to the teachers and their friends. This is because in school, they used to be with their friends and we can determine their attitude very well by observing with whom they are making friends. Schools should collaborate with the police to identify which students involved in illegal racing and punish them by sending them to the counselor or in the serious case, dismiss them from school. This is very important in order to prevent this student to influence the other students to join him.Although this approach is too drastic and cruel, we should consider that the youth is tending to be influenced by their friends. Furthermore, in my opinion, the National Service Training Program or PLKN should include a module that thought the trainee to avoid and aware the illegal racing. They should be exposed to the danger of illegal race, the punishment that will wait them if involved and how to enjoy their life in the best ways. By implementing this approach, at least, the trainee can think wisely and preventing them to become one of the Mat Rempit candidates.As a conclusion, what I can say is, action speaks louder than words. It is useless if we just babbling around and blaming them for all this problems although some of them caused some serious case. We should cooperate with government, politicians and NGOs to track back how this thing happen and find a solution to solve it. The Mat Rempit should be thankful for the government and society for not treating them like the snatch thief and the homosexual group although they have cause many problems. The government and society still can accept them as long as they want to change.We can see many campaign and approach for them rig ht now. After all, this group is our country’s apprentice that will lead us in the future. If they are still like now and we are just blaming them, the one who are needed to blame is just our self. One of Mat Rempit's favourite ‘Aerodynamic Pose' a. k. a. ‘Superman' seen on the streets of Malaysia. A Mat Rempit is a Malaysian term for ‘an individual who participates in illegal street racing', usually involving underbone motorcycles (colloquially known as Kapcai) orscooters.Not all Mat Rempits are involved in street racing; some of them perform crazy stunts for fun, such as the wheelie, superman (lying flat on the seat), wikang, and scorpion (standing on the seat with one leg during a wheelie). Mat Rempits usually travel in groups and race in bustling city centres on weekend nights. In recent times, Mat Rempits have been linked to gangsterism, gang robbery[1][2], street fighting, assault[3], vandalism, theft and bullying. Most motorcycles used by the Mat Remp its do not meet standard specifications, or have been modified extensively for greater speed, or just to make the exhaust noisier.Additionally, some Mat Rempits do not have valid motorcycle licenses, do not pay road taxes, and ride stolen motorcycles[4][5]. A growing number of housing estates have also been turned into racing tracks[6]. It is estimated that there are about 200,000 Mat Rempits in Malaysia[7]. In some other countries, the term Mat Rempit is also u Etymology The word ‘Rempit' came from the combination of ramp it (ramp the throttle). The definition of ‘Rempit' in Kamus Dewan[2] is menyebat dengan rotan in malay or whipping with cane.An alternative source of the word, ‘Rempit', is derived from the noise made by a 2-stroke motorcycle. ‘Mat' is a malay slang term to call or to refer to a person who usually is of Malay descent but usually used derogatorily. sed, but more to refer to one as a motorcycle lover or rider (Mat Motor), as opposed to an ill egal motorcycle racer. Sometime the terms of Mat Rempit misused to refer any individual who rides an underbone motorcycle. Related to this is the Mat Konvoi, which claim to be the non-racing version of Mat Rempit.

The Theory Of Leadership And Leadership Essay - 2005 Words

The same principles underlie many other approaches such as a Fiedler’s contingency model of leadership suggest a productive group and effective performance of a team is based upon the style of leadership and to an extent to which the leader is able to apply his leadership qualities under given circumstances. The style of the leader is determined in terms of relationship and tasks, whereas the situational factors will include the power of the leader, relationship with the follower and the level of the situation. This theory assumes that a task-oriented leader will be extremely effective when he is able to control and influence his subordinates and the situation. On the other, a relationship-oriented leader will be extremely effective when there will be less control over the situation (Yukl, 2001). The path-goal approach to leadership can also be implemented within a situation where the leader has to take charge of the situation and most significantly, meet the needs of his team members. This theory suggests, that a more decisive approach to leadership is required where the goals of the task are not clear, the subordinates themselves are inflexible and the overall policies and procedure is unclear. Likewise, a supportive leadership role will be effective in situations where the task is very tiring, time consuming, stressful and frustrating. The subordinates will require the full support of their leader to finish the tasks as desired at the right time and in the right manner.Show MoreRelatedLeadership And Leadership Theory Of Leadership1341 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership Application Jesus Cabral Brandman University The author of this paper has been in various leadership positions for over 20 years. 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